Effect of miR-29b-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway on progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of microRNA-29b (miR-29b)-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and its effect on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS: Hepatic liver fibrosis rat model was established, and its HSC were isolated. Normal rat HSC were also obtained and identified in vitro. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the alterations of miR-29b, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins and liver fibrosis marker proteins in the acquired cells. Finally, the direct targeting binding of miR-29b to TGF-β1 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay system.RESULTS: With the activation of HSC, the expression of miR-29b gradually decreased (P<0.01), while the expression of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin gradually increased (P<0.01). At the same time, the expression of Smad2/3/4 was significantly increased, and the expression of Smad7 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-29b bound directly to "UCUCUCCGU" in the 3'UTR of TGF-β1, indicating that TGF-β1 was a downstream target gene of miR-29b.CONCLUSION: miR-29b may be involved in the inhibition of HSC activation and migration, thereby inhibiting the process of liver fibrosis. The biological function of miR-29b may be through the direct targeting of TGF-β1, thus regulating and inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.     

豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式现状

从粮食作物、经济作物及饲草的种植,饲草料的加工调制与利用,全舍饲肉羊的养殖及杂交繁育,以及羊粪尿的资源化利用等方面介绍了豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式发展现状,以期为促进豫北山区资源可持续利用、山区生态环境良性循环和社会经济可持续发展提供思路。     

Control of lettuce big-vein disease by application of fungicides and crop covers

One of the economically important diseases of lettuce is lettuce big-vein disease (LBVD), which leads to severe yield losses. LBVD is associated with a complex of two viruses, Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV) and Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV). These viruses are transmitted by motile zoospores of Olpidium spp. fungi, which persist in the soil for decades through resting spores. In greenhouse and field experiments, this study tested whether changing plant and soil temperatures together with fungicide application would have a significant effect on controlling LBVD in lettuce. Soil fumigation with metam sodium was not effective at controlling the disease, as opposed to treatment with chloropicrin and methyl bromide. Moreover, the fungicides carbendazim and fluazinam were effective in reducing the incidence of Olpidium virulentus. Nevertheless, control of the fungal vector did not seem to be sufficient to control the disease due to the transition ability of the virus under low vector abundance. Crop covers, which affect the favourable environmental conditions for the viruses by lowering soil temperature and raising air temperature, reduced the disease symptoms. Combining fungicides with crop cover had a synergistic effect on reducing disease symptoms, thus providing a sustainable solution for LBVD.     

旱地燕麦间作对土壤酶活性、微生物含量及产量的影响

本文通过研究内蒙古旱作区禾本科、豆科及茄科间作对土壤生物性状的影响，旨在揭示燕麦（Avena sativa Linn）与不同作物间作及其单作在土壤酶活性、微生物量及土地当量比（LER）等方面的优势机理。本试验设置燕麦、黑豆（Glycinemax（L.）merr）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L）单作和黑豆间作燕麦、苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦共7个处理，探讨各处理对上述各指标的影响。结果表明：燕麦间作黑豆土地当量比最高，2015年和2016年分别为1.62和1.65。燕麦间作黑豆土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性较苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦显著提高了5.00%~51.61%和5.73%~52.29%。2015年和2016年播种后75 d苜蓿间作燕麦土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于黑豆间作燕麦，分别提高了29.47%和40.56%。黑豆间作燕麦对比其他两间作处理土壤微生物的生物量碳、氮含量分别显著提高了2.70%~17.89%和11.36%~26.47%，土壤脲酶活性提高了1.51%~55.22%，蔗糖酶活性提高了5.73%~52.29%，是该地区最优的间作模式。     

施肥对复垦土壤微生物代谢功能与苗期玉米生长的影响

利用Biolog-ECO技术、WinRHIZO扫描仪及其图像分析技术，研究了对照CK（施肥量为0）、施复合肥F（施肥量为600 kg·hm^-2）、施有机肥O（施肥量为7 500 kg·hm^-2）、有机无机肥配施OF（施肥量为复合肥300 kg·hm^-2+有机肥3 750 kg·hm^-2）处理下煤矸石复垦区土壤微生物群落代谢功能及苗期玉米根系形态等特征，结果表明：不同施肥处理下煤矸石复垦区土壤微生物群落功能多样性差异显著，OF处理下土壤微生物多样性Shannon-wiener指数与Simpson指数最高，分别为3.22和0.96， Eveness指数最低，为0.21，而CK处理与之相反，Shannon-wiener指数与Simpson指数最低，分别为3.07和0.95，Eveness指数最高，为0.23；影响该区域土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性的关键碳源包括6种氨基酸（L-精氨酸、L-天冬酰胺酸、L-苯基丙氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-苏氨酸、甘氨酰-L-谷氨酸)、4种酯（D-半乳糖酸γ内酯、丙酮酸甲酯、吐温40、吐温80）、1种胺（腐胺）、5种酸（D-半乳糖醛酸、2-羟苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、r-羟基丁酸、D-苹果酸）、3种糖（-甲基D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、a-环状糊精）、3种醇（I-赤藻糖醇、D,L-a-甘油、D-甘露醇）；OF处理下玉米根系形态参数如根长、根体积、根系分形维数及玉米生物性状如生物量、茎粗、株高等与CK处理差异最为显著，说明OF处理有利于煤矸石复垦土壤质量的恢复与提高，利于煤矸石复垦区玉米生长。     

PPARγ mediates effects of diosgenin on proliferation and apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87MG cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of diosgenin (Dio) on the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in human glioblastoma U87MG cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS:Human astrocytes (HA) and U87MG cells were cultured in vitro and treated with Dio (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L) and GW9662 (5 μmol/L) for 48 h, and then the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell colony formation assay was used to assess the proliferation potential. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The mRNA expression level of PPARγ was measured by RT-PCR. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of PPARγ, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS:Dio had no significant influence on the viabi-lity of HA (P>0.05). However, Dio remarkably reduced the viability of U87MG cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) with IC₅₀ of 24.31 μmol/L. Meanwhile, Dio remarkably diminished colony formation ability (P<0.05), induced G₀/G₁ phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis (P<0.05), up-regulated the expression of PPARγ at mRNA and protein levels, increased the protein level of Bax (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and Bcl-2 (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. However, these effects induced by Dio were inhibited by GW9662 (P<0.05), a specific inhibitor of PPARγ. CONCLUSION:Dio may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87MG cells most likely via up-regulating the expression of PPARγ, and then down-regulating the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and Bcl-2, and up-regulating the protein level of Bax.     

不同西兰花品种与硒肥浓度对硒富集的影响

为了研究不同西兰花品种、硒肥浓度对硒富集的影响,对硒富集量较高的西兰花品种进行了筛选,并在不同西兰花品种、不同硒肥浓度条件下,测定了不同处理的硒元素含量。结果表明:绿天使2号品种较其他品种具有优质、高产、硒元素含量高的特点,应用富硒叶力肥较不施肥的品种硒元素含量高,667 m~2喷施浓度以0.140%最佳,喷施硒肥后产量、硒元素含量较高。     

不同沼液灌溉量下橡胶幼苗生长及土壤肥力特征

为明确不同沼液灌溉量下橡胶幼苗的生长状况及土壤肥力特征,以便科学指导施肥,本研究以橡胶树实生苗为研究对象,采用土培试验方法,设置7个不同沼液用量处理,分别为0 mL（T0）、471 mL（T1）、942 mL（T2）、1413 mL（T3）、1884 mL（T4）、2355 mL（T5）、2826 mL（T6）,测定分析了不同沼液用量的橡胶幼苗长势及主要土壤肥力因子。结果表明：沼液灌溉有利于橡胶幼苗生长,不同处理间橡胶幼苗苗木质量指数大小顺序为：T4（1884 mL）>T3（1413 mL）、T5（2355 mL）>T2（942 mL）>T0（0 mL）、T1（471 mL）>T6（2826 mL）,沼液施用量为T4处理时苗木质量指数最佳,株高、地径指标偏优,预示植株定植成活率高;同时施用沼液有利于土壤养分含量的增加,并提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性;采用主成分分析法和隶属度函数法对试验组土壤质量综合指数进行计算,结果表明,试验组土壤质量综合指数表现为T3（0.933）>T5（0.906）>T4（0.855）>T2（0.826）>T6（0.794）>T1（0.742）。研究认为,施加沼液可明显改良土壤化学性质,但过度施加沼液会降低苗木质量指数,且沼液量为1413~1884 mL时为最适灌溉量。     

福建省典型茶园土壤硒含量及其影响因素研究

采集了福建省60份典型茶园表层土壤(0~20 cm),测定了土壤全硒和有效硒含量,分析了土壤类型、植茶年限和海拔对土壤硒及有效硒含量的影响,并探讨其受土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,福建省茶园土壤全硒含量范围为0.22~2.20 mg·kg^-1,均值为0.73 mg·kg^-1,有86.67%的茶园土壤硒含量达到富硒土壤标准(>0.4 mg·kg^-1);茶园土壤有效硒含量为5.21~448.86 μg·kg^-1,均值为62.98 μg·kg^-1;土壤硒活化率为1.10%~31.64%,均值为8.76%,硒有效程度较低。砂砾岩和凝灰岩发育的茶园土壤硒和有效硒含量较高,紫色砂岩和河流冲积物发育的茶园土壤硒含量较低;山地草甸土茶园土壤全硒和有效硒含量最高,潮砂土和水稻土硒含量较低;成龄茶园和老茶园土壤全硒和有效硒含量较高,新垦茶园硒含量较低;中高海拔地区茶园土壤全硒及有效硒含量较高,低海拔地区茶园土壤硒含量较低。相关分析表明,茶园土壤硒及有效性主要受土壤有机质和全氮的影响,pH对有机质含量较低的红壤茶园和幼龄茶园有显著影响,有效磷对成龄茶园和中高海拔茶园有显著影响。总体而言,该区域茶园富硒土壤为发展天然富硒茶提供了物源保证,但硒有效程度不高,应针对不同类型茶园采取相应栽培措施(增施有机肥、改良剂和钙镁磷肥)来提高土壤有效硒。     

伐地那非增加EGCG-β-乳球蛋白纳米粒对肝癌细胞的抑制作用

较高浓度的EGCG才能抑制癌细胞的增殖,通过纳米化和EGCG与其他药物的联合使用是提高EGCG生物活性的重要策略。本研究将EGCG和伐地那非（VD）同时包埋于β-乳球蛋白（β-Lg）纳米载体中,制备出EGCG-VD-β-Lg纳米粒（EVβ-NPs）,体外试验证实,EVβ-NPs能提高人肝癌细胞（HepG2细胞）中Caspase-3活性,使HepG2细胞在S期产生明显的阻滞,诱发细胞核分裂,从而导致HepG2细胞凋亡。研究结果表明,将EGCG与微量的VD联合使用,并通过纳米化包埋可以显著提高EGCG的抗癌活性。这一方法在EGCG抗癌制品的开发方面具有潜在的价值。